SVG Graphics Geometry
Guide
css-matrix
Guide
css-matrix
  • Part 0. SVG 기초

    • SVG란 무엇인가
    • viewBox와 user space
    • transform attribute와 matrix
    • SVG 문서 구조와 기본 도형
  • Part 1. Path grammar

    • path d 명령어 — M, L, Z
    • H, V — 축 정렬 직선
    • C — cubic Bézier
    • Q — quadratic Bézier
    • S, T — smooth continuation
    • A — elliptical arc
    • path bounding box
  • Part 2. Stroke geometry

    • 점에서 stroke까지의 거리
    • join, cap, miter limit
    • stroke align과 outline 개념
    • miter length 공식
  • Part 3. Fill rules

    • nonzero vs evenodd
    • fill hit testing
  • Part 4. Path sampling

    • flatten tolerance
    • path length
    • point at length와 tangent
  • Part 5. Paint servers

    • linearGradient 좌표
    • clipPath와 mask 개념
  • Part 6. Path editor capstone

    • path handle 모델
    • handle hit testing
    • handle drag로 segment 갱신
    • mini path editor — SVG round-trip
  • Part 7. Fill & winding deep dive

    • winding vs ray casting
    • compound path — 여러 subpath
    • self-intersection
    • path boolean
    • fill vs stroke hit 우선순위
    • scanline parity
  • Part 8. Pattern & gradient

    • radialGradient
    • pattern tile
    • gradientUnits와 spreadMethod
  • Part 9. SVG filter & Figma effects

    • Figma DROP_SHADOW → SVG filter
    • filter chain 개요
    • blur · offset · merge
    • inner shadow
    • layer blur vs background blur
    • Figma effect 매핑표 전체
  • Part 10. Figma ↔ SVG bridge

    • vector network vs path d
    • fill · stroke export
    • boolean operations export
    • mask · clip export
  • Part 11. Icon design

    • pixel grid · optical alignment
    • fill vs stroke icons
    • symbol · sprite · currentColor
    • path simplification
  • Appendix A. SVG in CSS

    • currentColor · CSS theming
    • sprite data URI
    • SVG optimization pipeline
  • Appendix B. Engine extras

    • dash offset animation
    • adaptive flatten
    • arc → cubic 변환
    • multi-subpath editing
  • Part 12. Foundations primer

    • capability map
    • coordinate stack
  • Part 13. Figma ↔ SVG (deep)

    • Figma paint gap map
    • radial · angular gradient export
    • image · pattern fill
    • stroke align export
    • blend mode · layer opacity
  • Part 14. SVG spec breadth

    • markers — 화살표와 dash 끝
    • text · textPath
    • paint-order · opacity · filters
    • arc flatten 통합
  • Part 15. Curve calculus

    • de Casteljau subdivision
    • flatness와 chord error
    • 곡률 κ와 법선
    • arc center parameterization
    • G¹ smooth — S와 T
    • shoelace signed area
  • Part 16. Intersection & proximity

    • segment intersection
    • line ∩ cubic · curve ∩ curve
    • closest point on curve
  • Part 17. Offset curves

    • normal offset sampling
    • offset cusps
  • Part 18. Transform algebra

    • affine inverse & decompose
    • transform path vs group
  • Part 19. Rational curves

    • circle as cubic — κ constant
    • rational curves & exact arcs
  • Part 20. Tessellation & pixels

    • convex triangulation · ear clipping
    • evenodd parity → pixels
  • Part 21. Compositing math

    • Gaussian blur kernel
    • Porter–Duff & premultiplied α
  • Part 22. Math topic map

    • SVG 수학 주제 지도
  • Part 23. SVG animation

    • SMIL — animate 속성
    • SMIL — animateTransform
    • SMIL — animateMotion
    • stroke dash draw-on
    • CSS offset-path motion
    • path morph
    • JS motion along path
  • Part 24. Motion precision

    • uniform speed along path
    • cubic–cubic intersection
    • SVGPathElement length API
    • SMIL keyTimes & keySplines
    • degree elevation Q→C
  • Part 25. GPU mesh & WAAPI

    • triangulation with holes
    • WAAPI + SVG attributes
    • evenodd fill + triangle mesh

rational curves & exact arcs

유리 Bézier(rational, weights)는 원·타원을 정확히 표현할 수 있습니다. SVG path d에는 weights가 없고, NURBS는 CAD·WebGL 쪽입니다. 이 강의는 포맷별 표현 선택을 정리합니다.

데모에서 볼 것

  • 파란 path — A 80 80 정확 원호
  • 주황 path — 동일 1/4을 081 κ cubic으로 근사
  • readout: exact = <circle> / A; rational = path grammar 밖 (webgl-matrix NURBS)

SVG path 한계

표현path d정확 원/타원
M L C Q✓✗ (polynomial만)
A✓✓ (elliptical arc)
<circle> / <ellipse>요소✓
rational / NURBS✗✓ (엔진 내부)

cubic-only 워크플로(024 path editor):

  1. import 시 A 유지, 또는
  2. convertArcsInPathD / arcSegmentToCubics → C (053), 또는
  3. 081 κ로 원 primitive 생성

polynomial vs rational

polynomial:  B(t) = Σ (1-t)^(n-i) t^i · Pi

rational:    B(t) = Σ w_i (1-t)^(n-i) t^i · Pi  /  Σ w_i (1-t)^(n-j) t^j · ...

모든 w_i가 같으면 polynomial과 동일. 단위 원에 대한 classical trick: quadratic rational에 적절한 weight를 주면 정확 90° 호.

exact circle  →  rational quadratic (weights)
           ↘  polynomial cubic (κ 근사, [081])
           ↘  SVG arc A (endpoint parameterization)

arc → cubic (실무)

import { arcSegmentToCubics, parsePathD } from "svg-matrix-core";

const seg = parsePathD("M 80 100 A 80 80 0 0 1 240 100").find((s) => s.type === "A");
const cubics = arcSegmentToCubics(seg);
// 여러 C segment — κ 원과 달리 임의 rx,ry,rotation 지원

071 svgArcCenterParameters — A의 endpoint 문법을 (cx, cy, θ)로 읽을 때.

export 전략

목표권장
브라우저 SVGA 또는 <circle> 유지
Figma-like vector networkarc edge type + cubic fallback
cubic-only booleanconvertArcsInPathD
GPU / CAD tessellationNURBS → polyline (webgl-matrix)
flatten / hit052 adaptive on cubics

[081]과의 선택

필요선택
아이콘 원 스트로크κ × 4
임의 타원 호A 또는 arcSegmentToCubics
수학적으로 exactrational / circle
편집기에서 호 편집A segment graph (071)

Core API

  • arcSegmentToCubics, svgArcCenterParameters — arc.js
  • convertArcsInPathD — engine.js
  • CIRCLE_CUBIC_KAPPA, unitCircleQuarterCubics — 081

관련

  • 081 κ · 011 · 053 · Part 19 rational 이론

오늘의 핵심

“원을 cubic으로”는 근사, “원을 rational으로”는 정확 — SVG는 중간에 **A/circle**을 제공합니다. 저장 포맷과 런타임 엔진(cubic-only vs mixed)에 맞는 표현을 고르세요.

최근 수정: 26. 5. 17. PM 4:35
Contributors: jinho.park.s3, Cursor
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circle as cubic — κ constant