SVG Graphics Geometry
Guide
css-matrix
Guide
css-matrix
  • Part 0. SVG 기초

    • SVG란 무엇인가
    • viewBox와 user space
    • transform attribute와 matrix
    • SVG 문서 구조와 기본 도형
  • Part 1. Path grammar

    • path d 명령어 — M, L, Z
    • H, V — 축 정렬 직선
    • C — cubic Bézier
    • Q — quadratic Bézier
    • S, T — smooth continuation
    • A — elliptical arc
    • path bounding box
  • Part 2. Stroke geometry

    • 점에서 stroke까지의 거리
    • join, cap, miter limit
    • stroke align과 outline 개념
    • miter length 공식
  • Part 3. Fill rules

    • nonzero vs evenodd
    • fill hit testing
  • Part 4. Path sampling

    • flatten tolerance
    • path length
    • point at length와 tangent
  • Part 5. Paint servers

    • linearGradient 좌표
    • clipPath와 mask 개념
  • Part 6. Path editor capstone

    • path handle 모델
    • handle hit testing
    • handle drag로 segment 갱신
    • mini path editor — SVG round-trip
  • Part 7. Fill & winding deep dive

    • winding vs ray casting
    • compound path — 여러 subpath
    • self-intersection
    • path boolean
    • fill vs stroke hit 우선순위
    • scanline parity
  • Part 8. Pattern & gradient

    • radialGradient
    • pattern tile
    • gradientUnits와 spreadMethod
  • Part 9. SVG filter & Figma effects

    • Figma DROP_SHADOW → SVG filter
    • filter chain 개요
    • blur · offset · merge
    • inner shadow
    • layer blur vs background blur
    • Figma effect 매핑표 전체
  • Part 10. Figma ↔ SVG bridge

    • vector network vs path d
    • fill · stroke export
    • boolean operations export
    • mask · clip export
  • Part 11. Icon design

    • pixel grid · optical alignment
    • fill vs stroke icons
    • symbol · sprite · currentColor
    • path simplification
  • Appendix A. SVG in CSS

    • currentColor · CSS theming
    • sprite data URI
    • SVG optimization pipeline
  • Appendix B. Engine extras

    • dash offset animation
    • adaptive flatten
    • arc → cubic 변환
    • multi-subpath editing
  • Part 12. Foundations primer

    • capability map
    • coordinate stack
  • Part 13. Figma ↔ SVG (deep)

    • Figma paint gap map
    • radial · angular gradient export
    • image · pattern fill
    • stroke align export
    • blend mode · layer opacity
  • Part 14. SVG spec breadth

    • markers — 화살표와 dash 끝
    • text · textPath
    • paint-order · opacity · filters
    • arc flatten 통합
  • Part 15. Curve calculus

    • de Casteljau subdivision
    • flatness와 chord error
    • 곡률 κ와 법선
    • arc center parameterization
    • G¹ smooth — S와 T
    • shoelace signed area
  • Part 16. Intersection & proximity

    • segment intersection
    • line ∩ cubic · curve ∩ curve
    • closest point on curve
  • Part 17. Offset curves

    • normal offset sampling
    • offset cusps
  • Part 18. Transform algebra

    • affine inverse & decompose
    • transform path vs group
  • Part 19. Rational curves

    • circle as cubic — κ constant
    • rational curves & exact arcs
  • Part 20. Tessellation & pixels

    • convex triangulation · ear clipping
    • evenodd parity → pixels
  • Part 21. Compositing math

    • Gaussian blur kernel
    • Porter–Duff & premultiplied α
  • Part 22. Math topic map

    • SVG 수학 주제 지도
  • Part 23. SVG animation

    • SMIL — animate 속성
    • SMIL — animateTransform
    • SMIL — animateMotion
    • stroke dash draw-on
    • CSS offset-path motion
    • path morph
    • JS motion along path
  • Part 24. Motion precision

    • uniform speed along path
    • cubic–cubic intersection
    • SVGPathElement length API
    • SMIL keyTimes & keySplines
    • degree elevation Q→C
  • Part 25. GPU mesh & WAAPI

    • triangulation with holes
    • WAAPI + SVG attributes
    • evenodd fill + triangle mesh

arc → cubic 변환

SVG A(elliptical arc)는 스펙상 정확한 타원 호입니다. cubic-only 엔진·편집기·boolean은 A를 C segment chain으로 바꿔 같은 파이프라인을 탑니다. 011 문법 · 071 center 파라미터 · 이 강의는 변환 구현입니다.

데모에서 볼 것

before: M 120 300 A 120 80 0 0 1 520 300
after:  M 120 300 C … C …  (A 없음)
  • 회색 점선 — 원본 A path
  • 파란 실선 — convertArcsInPathD 결과 d
  • 주황 점 — arcSegmentToCubics의 cp1/cp2

readout: arcCount, cubic 개수, before/after d 문자열.

한 segment → 여러 cubic

import { parsePathD, arcSegmentToCubics, svgArcCenterParameters } from "svg-matrix-core";

const arcD = "M 120 300 A 120 80 0 0 1 520 300";
const segment = parsePathD(arcD).find((s) => s.type === "A");

const params = svgArcCenterParameters(segment);
// { cx, cy, rx, ry, phi, startAngle, deltaAngle, degenerate }

const cubics = arcSegmentToCubics(segment);
// { type: "C", from, cp1, cp2, to }[]

90° slice

|Δθ| > 90°이면 90°마다 cubic 하나 (sliceCount = ceil(|Δθ| / (π/2))). 각 slice는 타원 위 호를 cubicFromArcSlice로 fitting — tangent 방향으로 control offset (k = (4/3) tan(Δθ/4)).

  • 첫 cubic from = arc segment.from
  • 마지막 cubic to = arc segment.to
  • degenerate(rx≈0, Δθ≈0) → straight-line cubic placeholder

path 전체에서 A 제거

import { convertArcsInPathD, convertArcsToCubics } from "svg-matrix-core";

const { d, segments, arcCount } = convertArcsInPathD(
  "M 0 50 A 50 50 0 0 1 100 50"
);
// d에 " A " 없음 · arcCount === 1

// segment graph만:
import { pathFromD, pathDFromSegments } from "svg-matrix-core";
const { segments: s0 } = pathFromD(pathD);
const cubicsOnly = convertArcsToCubics(s0);
const d2 = pathDFromSegments(cubicsOnly);

convertArcsInPathD = parsePathD → convertArcsToCubics → pathDFromSegments + syncPathEndpoints.

왜 변환하나

목표A 유지→ cubic
Figma/SVG export 호 편집✓
cubic handle 편집 (024)✓
closestPointOnCubic stroke hit✓ (004)
bboxOfCubicBezier (C만 해석)✓ (012)
052 adaptive flattensampleArccubic adaptive
intersection✓ (075)

vs 다른 “원/호” 표현

방법정확도비고
arcSegmentToCubics타원 호 정확 (SVG A와 동치)임의 rx, ry, rotation
081 κ×4원 근사고정 상수
065 chord lerp근사잘못된 flatten 예
<circle> / A in DOM정확편집기 밖

변환 후 flatten·length는 016·017·052를 C에 그대로 적용.

파이프라인 (권장)

import path with A
  → convertArcsToCubics (또는 편집 중 A segment 유지 + 필요 시 변환)
  → flattenPathSegmentsAdaptive / pointInPath / editor handles
export
  → A 복원 (가능하면) 또는 C만

Core API (arc.js / engine.js)

함수역할
svgArcCenterParameters(segment)endpoint A → center 형
arcSegmentToCubics(segment)C[]
convertArcsToCubics(segments)graph 내 모든 A
convertArcsInPathD(d)문자열 in/out + arcCount

관련

  • 011 · 071 · 065 · 081 · 082

오늘의 핵심

A는 저장·브라우저용 정확 format, engine 내부는 arcSegmentToCubics로 C 통일하는 전략이 흔합니다. chord 보간(065)과 혼동하지 말고, 원 근사(081)와도 구분하세요.

최근 수정: 26. 5. 17. PM 4:35
Contributors: jinho.park.s3, Cursor
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